In 2026, China, a state led by the Chinese Communist Party under Xi Jinping, launches the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030). It sets its growth target at its lowest level since 1991. Its growth relies largely on exports, while domestic demand remains weak.
🏛️ Politics
The Two Sessions open in Beijing in early March. Premier Li Qiang presents the government's work report. The draft 15th Five-Year Plan for 2026–2030 gives priority to technological self-reliance and artificial intelligence. The defense budget increases by 7%. On the diplomatic front, China announces zero tariffs on African products starting May 1. It firmly contests US sanctions targeting Chinese AI companies, and its trade relations with the European Union remain strained. In October, Xi Jinping announces the publication of an article on discipline within the Party.
⚖️ Economy and society
The government targets GDP growth of 4.5% to 5%, inflation of around 2%, 12 million urban jobs created, and a public deficit of 4% of GDP. GDP grows by 4.6% in the first half, 4.3% in the second quarter and 4.5% in the third quarter on a year-on-year basis. Exports are dynamic, rising 21.8% year on year in January–February. The cumulative trade surplus reaches $938.1 billion at the end of September, which strains relations with the EU and the United States. Domestic demand remains weak.
🔬 Science
The Five-Year Plan makes artificial intelligence and robotization priorities. A new state-owned enterprise specializing in data is created in October. The precise scientific achievements of the year are not detailed here.
🎭 Culture
In October, authorities announce a second national survey of movable cultural relics over five years and the drafting of a new law on the protection of cultural heritage. The Canton Fair celebrates its 70th anniversary, and a China-Africa Year of People-to-People and Cultural Exchanges is launched.
Key events
- Premier Li Qiang sets the growth target for 2026 between 4.5% and 5%, the lowest since 1991, at the opening of the National People's Congress session.legrandcontinent.eu
- Entry into force of zero tariff treatment for African products, announced by Wang Yi.fr.allafrica.com
- The National Bureau of Statistics reports GDP growth of 4.5% year on year in the third quarter.boursorama.com
Historical context
- 2012–present
Xi Jinping has led the Chinese Communist Party and the state since 2012–2013. His power has consolidated over the course of his terms.
- 2025–2026
Trade tensions with the United States and the European Union weigh on the period. Exports hold up, while deflation and weak consumption persist.